Whilst many people think that strokes only affect older people, in actual fact a stroke can happen at any age. Statistics show that strokes in those aged under 55 account for 10-15% of all strokes annually and this figure has been rising. Children, teenagers and young adults can all suffer from strokes. It is therefore important that everyone’s symptoms are taken seriously and that strokes are not prematurely ruled out by medical professionals without appropriate assessment.
A stroke can occur suddenly and, without prompt diagnosis and treatment, may lead to life-changing consequences. During Stroke Awareness Month, it is important to raise awareness not only of stroke symptoms, but also of the impact delayed diagnosis can have on long-term outcomes.
Risk factors for strokes in younger people
While age is a risk factor for stroke, younger people can and do suffer strokes caused by a range of factors, including:
- Undiagnosed heart conditions (such as atrial septal defects)
- Blood clotting disorders
- Migraines with aura
- Pregnancy and the postnatal period
- Hormonal contraception
- Infections or inflammatory conditions
- Head or neck trauma
- Lifestyle factors such as smoking or drug use
Different types of stroke
Not all strokes are the same. Strokes are generally categorised into three main types:
- Ischaemic stroke – caused by a blockage restricting blood flow to the brain
- Haemorrhagic stroke – caused by bleeding in or around the brain
- Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) – often referred to as a “mini stroke”, which can act as a warning sign that a more serious stroke may occur in the future
Symptoms can vary depending on the type of stroke experienced, which may sometimes contribute to missed or delayed diagnoses.
Delays in stroke care for younger people
If a stroke is not considered likely because of a patient’s age, this can lead to delays in arranging urgent brain imaging and in referring the patient to stroke specialists, which in turn delays diagnosis and treatment.
However, stroke treatment is extremely time sensitive. When diagnosis is delayed, certain treatment options may no longer be suitable or possible. Brain damage can become more extensive and permanent leading to long-term disability.
In younger patients, this can mean lifelong consequences affecting employment, independence, mental health and family life. For some, the effects may impact their ability to work, care for children, maintain relationships or continue living independently.
This is why medical professionals should carefully consider stroke symptoms in patients of all ages and avoid ruling out a stroke diagnosis without appropriate investigation.
Why early stroke diagnosis matters
There is a recognised phrase in stroke medicine: “Time is brain.” This reflects the way in which brain cells can be permanently damaged when blood flow to the brain is interrupted.
Speedy assessment, imaging and treatment may therefore improve outcomes and reduce the risk of long-term disability. Delays of even hours can sometimes affect recovery prospects, making it vital to diagnose symptoms early.
Stroke symptoms
If someone believes they are experiencing the symptoms of a stroke, regardless of their age, they should seek medical attention immediately. The most common symptoms follow the FAST formula:
- Face – Does one side droop or feel numb?
- Arms – Is one arm weaker than the other or numb? If both are raised, does one fall downwards?
- Speech – Is speech slurred or difficult to understand?
- Time – It is imperative to call 999 immediately if you identify any of these signs.
These symptoms should also be considered by medical professionals for all patients.
Some people may also experience other symptoms, including:
- Sudden severe headache
- Vision problems or blurred vision
- Dizziness or loss of balance
- Confusion
- Nausea or vomiting
- Sudden numbness affecting other areas of the body
Symptoms can vary between individuals, and stroke should not be dismissed solely because someone is young or otherwise appears healthy.
Can you claim compensation for a delayed stroke diagnosis?
Not every delayed stroke diagnosis will amount to clinical negligence. However, where symptoms were missed, dismissed or not acted upon appropriately by medical professionals, and this delay caused avoidable harm or worsened outcomes, it may be possible to pursue a clinical negligence claim.
To make a claim relating to delayed stroke diagnosis you will usually need to provide evidence that:
- The standard of medical care fell below what would reasonably be expected; and
- Earlier diagnosis or treatment would probably have resulted in a better outcome or reduced harm.
Where a delay in diagnosis has resulted in additional injury or long-term consequences, compensation may help individuals and families access support including:
- Rehabilitation, physiotherapy and specialist therapies
- Care and assistance with daily living
- Adaptations to homes or vehicles
- Specialist equipment and mobility aids
- Loss of earnings or reduced future earning capacity
- Psychological support
- Financial security where permanent disabilities develop
For younger adults in particular, the impact of a delayed diagnosis can be significant and long lasting.
Is there a time limit for making a clinical negligence claim?
Clinical negligence claims are generally subject to strict time limits. In the majority of cases claims must be started within three years, although different rules can apply for children under 18 or individuals who lack mental capacity.
Seeking early legal advice may help preserve evidence and provide clarity on the options available.
Seeking advice after a delayed stroke diagnosis
If you or a loved one has suffered a stroke and you are concerned that symptoms were missed, dismissed or not acted upon promptly, it may be possible that a delay in diagnosis has affected the outcome.
At Bridge McFarland, we understand how distressing it can be when concerns about medical care arise, particularly where the consequences are life-changing. Our experienced clinical negligence solicitors can advise you on whether you may have a claim and what options may be available.
We offer a free, no-obligation consultation in complete confidence. You can call us on 0800 987 8800, make a free online enquiry, or email medneg@bmcf.co.uk.
